Cuba

Republic of Cuba

República de Cuba

UN memberLatin America and the Caribbean, Americas

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Population

10.9 million

2026 · UN WPPProjection

GDP

$107 billion

2020 · World Bank WDIActual

GDP / capita

$9,605

2020 · World Bank WDIActual

HDI

0.762 index (0–1)

2023 · UNDP HDRActual

Life expectancy

78.6 years

2026 · UN WPPProjection

Area

103,800 km²

2023 · World Bank WDIActual

UN WPP 2024 Revision (estimates through 2023; 2024–2100 medium-variant projections). World Bank WDI, 13 July 2026 release. UNDP HDR HDR 2025. UNESCO UIS UIS February 2026. ILOSTAT ILOSTAT December 2025. IMF WEO WEO April 2026. OWID CO₂ OWID CO₂ December 2025.

Overview

Cuba is a UN member state in Latin America and the Caribbean, Americas.

Every figure names its source, year, and whether it is an actual value, an estimate, or a projection. Missing values stay missing.

ISO alpha-2: CU
ISO alpha-3: CUB
UN M49: 192
Wikidata: Q241

People

Population stocks and demographic rates are from the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium variant unless another source is named. Years from 2024 onward are projections.

PopulationProjection: 10.9 million
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Population (1 July)Projection: 10.9 million
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Population growth rateProjection: −0.4 percent
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Population densityProjection: 102 persons per km²
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s density is close to Latin America and the Caribbean median of 102.3 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and above the median of 90.1 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Median ageProjection: 42.5 years
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s median age is above the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 35.7 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and above the median of 29.8 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Population sex ratioProjection: 97.2 males per 100 females
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Total fertility rateProjection: 1.5 live births per woman
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s tfr is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 1.6 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and below the median of 2 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Crude birth rateProjection: 8.5 per 1,000 population
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Net number of migrantsProjection: −22,086
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Net migration rateProjection: −2 per 1,000 population
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Urban population: 77.2%
2025 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Cuba’s urban is above the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 72% (42 profiles with 2025 data), and above the median of 63.4% among 194 core profiles with 2025 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Population ages 0–14: 15%
2025 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Population ages 15–64: 67.9%
2025 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Population ages 65 and above: 17%
2025 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Cuba’s ages 65+ is above the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 10.8% (42 profiles with 2025 data), and above the median of 7.4% among 194 core profiles with 2025 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.

Population of Cuba. Solid line: estimates (1950–2023). Dashed line: medium-variant projections (2024–2100). UN WPP, WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium.

Data table

Year	Population	Status
1950	5.87 million	estimate
1960	7.16 million	estimate
1970	8.75 million	estimate
1980	9.79 million	estimate
1990	10.6 million	estimate
2000	11.1 million	estimate
2010	11.3 million	estimate
2020	11.2 million	estimate
2030	10.7 million	projection
2040	10.2 million	projection
2050	9.42 million	projection
2060	8.54 million	projection
2070	7.7 million	projection
2080	6.96 million	projection
2090	6.25 million	projection
2100	5.61 million	projection
2101	5.55 million	projection

Age structure of Cuba as a share of population. World Bank WDI, World Development Indicators.

Data table

Year	Ages 65+	Status
1960	4.3% aged 65+	actual
1965	4.5% aged 65+	actual
1970	5.1% aged 65+	actual
1975	6.1% aged 65+	actual
1980	7.3% aged 65+	actual
1985	8% aged 65+	actual
1990	8.4% aged 65+	actual
1995	8.8% aged 65+	actual
2000	9.8% aged 65+	actual
2005	11.2% aged 65+	actual
2010	12.6% aged 65+	actual
2015	14.2% aged 65+	actual
2020	15.6% aged 65+	actual
2025	17% aged 65+	actual

Economy

National accounts and related World Bank series. Totals are not comparable as “averages” across countries; rates such as GDP per capita include same-year cohort medians where coverage allows.

Gross domestic product: $107 billion
2020 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
GDP per capita: $9,605
2020 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
GDP growth: −1.1 percent
2024 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Cuba’s gdp growth is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 4.4 (6 profiles with 2024 data). Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
GNI per capita: $9,010
2019 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Unemployment, totalProjection: 1.7 percent of labour force
2026 · ILOSTAT · Projection · ILOSTAT modelled estimates (annual)
Cuba’s unemployment is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 5.9 (32 profiles with 2026 data), and below the median of 5.1 among 178 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Trade: 124.9 percent of GDP
2024 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Access to electricity: 100%
2024 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Individuals using the Internet: 70.5%
2024 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Labour force participation rateProjection: 51.8 percent of population ages 15+
2026 · ILOSTAT · Projection · ILOSTAT modelled estimates (annual)
Cuba’s lfpr is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 62.9 (31 profiles with 2026 data), and below the median of 62 among 174 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Employment-to-population ratioProjection: 50.9 percent of population ages 15+
2026 · ILOSTAT · Projection · ILOSTAT modelled estimates (annual)
Youth unemployment rateProjection: 4.3 percent of labour force ages 15–24
2026 · ILOSTAT · Projection · ILOSTAT modelled estimates (annual)

GDP of Cuba in current US dollars. World Bank WDI, World Development Indicators.

Data table

Year	GDP	Status
1970	$5.69 billion	actual
1974	$11.4 billion	actual
1978	$17.8 billion	actual
1982	$21 billion	actual
1986	$24.2 billion	actual
1990	$28.6 billion	actual
1994	$28.4 billion	actual
1998	$25.7 billion	actual
2002	$33.6 billion	actual
2006	$48.8 billion	actual
2010	$59.6 billion	actual
2014	$80.7 billion	actual
2018	$100 billion	actual
2020	$107 billion	actual

Development

Human development indices are published only from the latest UNDP HDR series. This build does not invent a substitute index.

Human Development Index: 0.762 index (0–1)
2023 · UNDP HDR · Actual · HDR 2025 composite indices complete time series
Cuba’s hdi is close to Latin America and the Caribbean median of 0.777 (33 profiles with 2023 data), and close to median of 0.762 among 192 core profiles with 2023 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index: No comparable data
No internationally comparable figure in this build.
Gender Development Index: 0.975 index (female-to-male HDI ratio)
2023 · UNDP HDR · Actual · HDR 2025 composite indices complete time series
Cuba’s gdi is close to Latin America and the Caribbean median of 0.989 (30 profiles with 2023 data), and close to median of 0.971 among 183 core profiles with 2023 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Gender Inequality Index: 0.296 index (0–1)
2023 · UNDP HDR · Actual · HDR 2025 composite indices complete time series
Cuba’s gii is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 0.360 (30 profiles with 2023 data), and below the median of 0.352 among 172 core profiles with 2023 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Multidimensional Poverty Index: No comparable data
No internationally comparable figure in this build.

Health and education

Life expectancy and mortality are UN WPP series unless labelled otherwise. Education figures are UNESCO UIS (CC BY-SA, isolated) where a comparable series exists; otherwise they stay missing.

Life expectancy at birthProjection: 78.6 years
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s life expectancy is close to Latin America and the Caribbean median of 76.7 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and above the median of 74.1 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Crude death rateProjection: 10.6 per 1,000 population
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Life expectancy at birth (male)Projection: 76.3 years
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s life exp. male is close to Latin America and the Caribbean median of 74.1 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and above the median of 70.9 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Life expectancy at birth (female)Projection: 81 years
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s life exp. female is close to Latin America and the Caribbean median of 79.7 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and above the median of 77.4 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Infant mortality rateProjection: 4.3 per 1,000 live births
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s infant mortality is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 9.7 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and below the median of 11.1 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Under-five mortality rateProjection: 5.4 per 1,000 live births
2026 · UN WPP · Projection · WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium
Cuba’s u5mr is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 11.7 (50 profiles with 2026 data), and below the median of 12.9 among 195 core profiles with 2026 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Maternal mortality ratio: 35 per 100,000 live births
2023 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Immunization, measles: 99%
2024 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Cuba’s measles immunization is above the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 89.5% (32 profiles with 2024 data), and above the median of 90% among 192 core profiles with 2024 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Current health expenditure: 9.4 percent of GDP
2023 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Cuba’s health expenditure is above the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 6.3 (31 profiles with 2023 data), and above the median of 5.8 among 170 core profiles with 2023 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Prevalence of undernourishment: 2.5 percent of population
2006 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Adult literacy rate: 97.7%
2019 · UNESCO UIS · Actual · UIS Bulk Data Download Service (February 2026)
Cuba’s adult literacy is above the median of 92.6% among 12 core profiles with 2019 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
Youth literacy rate: 99.6%
2019 · UNESCO UIS · Actual · UIS Bulk Data Download Service (February 2026)
Mean years of schooling: 10.7 years
2019 · UNESCO UIS · Actual · UIS Bulk Data Download Service (February 2026)
Cuba’s mean years school is above the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 9.6 (4 profiles with 2019 data), and close to median of 10.7 among 25 core profiles with 2019 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
School life expectancy: 13.5 years
2024 · UNESCO UIS · Actual · UIS Bulk Data Download Service (February 2026)

Life expectancy at birth in Cuba. Dashed line marks medium-variant projections. UN WPP, WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium.

Data table

Year	Years	Status
1950	59	estimate
1960	63.3	estimate
1970	67.9	estimate
1980	72.6	estimate
1990	73.8	estimate
2000	75.9	estimate
2010	77.9	estimate
2020	77.4	estimate
2030	79.3	projection
2040	81	projection
2050	82.6	projection
2060	84	projection
2070	85.3	projection
2080	86.6	projection
2090	87.7	projection
2100	88.8	projection

Environment

Forest cover is World Bank WDI. CO₂ is the Global Carbon Project series via Our World in Data — not IEA-EDGAR.

Land area: 103,800 km²
2023 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Surface area: 109,880 km²
2023 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Forest area: 31.2%
2023 · World Bank WDI · Actual · World Development Indicators
Cuba’s forest is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 44.6% (42 profiles with 2023 data), and close to median of 31.8% among 194 core profiles with 2023 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.
CO₂ emissions: 24.4 million tonnes
2024 · OWID / Global Carbon Project · Actual · OWID CO2 data (Global Carbon Project)
CO₂ emissions per capita: 2.2 tonnes per person
2024 · OWID / Global Carbon Project · Actual · OWID CO2 data (Global Carbon Project)
Cuba’s co₂ / capita is below the Latin America and the Caribbean median of 3 (41 profiles with 2024 data), and below the median of 2.8 among 192 core profiles with 2024 data. Unweighted medians of the same-year cohort; not a population-weighted world average.

CO₂ emissions of Cuba. Global Carbon Project via Our World in Data. OWID / Global Carbon Project, OWID CO2 data (Global Carbon Project).

Data table

Year	Million tonnes	Status
1856	0.4	actual
1867	0.6	actual
1878	0.7	actual
1889	0.8	actual
1900	0.9	actual
1911	2.8	actual
1922	1.4	actual
1933	0.8	actual
1944	0.5	actual
1955	6.8	actual
1966	15.2	actual
1977	29.4	actual
1988	35.6	actual
1999	24.5	actual
2010	33	actual
2021	22.5	actual
2024	24.4	actual

Geography

Region: Americas
Subregion: Latin America and the Caribbean
Intermediate region: Caribbean
Natural Earth ADM0_A3: CUB
Cartographic size: Tiny state on the 50m globe (point or small polygon)

Outline from Natural Earth 50m Admin 0. Made with Natural Earth. Not a locator map.

Government

Classification is descriptive and is not a recognition of legal claims.Map and status policy.

Status: UN member
Publication tier: Core profile
SIDS: Small island developing State

Sources

United Nations World Population Prospects

WPP2024 Demographic Indicators Medium. Vintage 2024 Revision. CC BY 3.0 IGO. Retrieved 2026-09-03. Source file.

Population (2026, projection; series TPopulation1Jan)
Life expectancy at birth (2026, projection; series LEx)
Population (1 July) (2026, projection; series TPopulation1July)
Population growth rate (2026, projection; series PopGrowthRate)
Population density (2026, projection; series PopDensity)
Median age (2026, projection; series MedianAgePop)
Population sex ratio (2026, projection; series PopSexRatio)
Total fertility rate (2026, projection; series TFR)
Crude birth rate (2026, projection; series CBR)
Crude death rate (2026, projection; series CDR)
Life expectancy at birth (male) (2026, projection; series LExMale)
Life expectancy at birth (female) (2026, projection; series LExFemale)
Infant mortality rate (2026, projection; series IMR)
Under-five mortality rate (2026, projection; series Q5)
Net number of migrants (2026, projection; series NetMigrations)
Net migration rate (2026, projection; series CNMR)

World Bank World Development Indicators

World Development Indicators. Vintage 13 July 2026. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-03. Source file.

Gross domestic product (2020, actual; series NY.GDP.MKTP.CD)
GDP per capita (2020, actual; series NY.GDP.PCAP.CD)
Land area (2023, actual; series AG.LND.TOTL.K2)
GDP growth (2024, actual; series NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG)
GNI per capita (2019, actual; series NY.GNP.PCAP.CD)
Trade (2024, actual; series NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS)
Maternal mortality ratio (2023, actual; series SH.STA.MMRT)
Immunization, measles (2024, actual; series SH.IMM.MEAS)
Current health expenditure (2023, actual; series SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS)
Prevalence of undernourishment (2006, actual; series SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS)
Urban population (2025, actual; series SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS)
Population ages 0–14 (2025, actual; series SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS)
Population ages 15–64 (2025, actual; series SP.POP.1564.TO.ZS)
Population ages 65 and above (2025, actual; series SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS)
Surface area (2023, actual; series AG.SRF.TOTL.K2)
Access to electricity (2024, actual; series EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS)
Individuals using the Internet (2024, actual; series IT.NET.USER.ZS)
Forest area (2023, actual; series AG.LND.FRST.ZS)
Alternate: Population (2025, actual; series SP.POP.TOTL)
Alternate: Life expectancy at birth (2024, actual; series SP.DYN.LE00.IN)
Alternate: Population growth rate (2025, actual; series SP.POP.GROW)
Alternate: Population density (2023, actual; series EN.POP.DNST)
Alternate: Total fertility rate (2024, actual; series SP.DYN.TFRT.IN)
Alternate: Crude birth rate (2024, actual; series SP.DYN.CBRT.IN)
Alternate: Crude death rate (2024, actual; series SP.DYN.CDRT.IN)
Alternate: Life expectancy at birth (male) (2024, actual; series SP.DYN.LE00.MA.IN)
Alternate: Life expectancy at birth (female) (2024, actual; series SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN)
Alternate: Infant mortality rate (2024, actual; series SP.DYN.IMRT.IN)
Alternate: Under-five mortality rate (2024, actual; series SH.DYN.MORT)
Alternate: Net number of migrants (2025, actual; series SM.POP.NETM)
Alternate: Unemployment, total (2025, actual; series SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS)

UNDP Human Development Report

HDR 2025 composite indices complete time series. Vintage HDR 2025. CC BY 3.0 IGO. Retrieved 2026-09-03. Source file.

Human Development Index (2023, actual; series hdi)
Gender Development Index (2023, actual; series gdi)
Gender Inequality Index (2023, actual; series gii)
Alternate: Mean years of schooling (2023, actual; series mys)
Alternate: School life expectancy (2023, actual; series eys)

ILOSTAT

ILOSTAT modelled estimates (annual). Vintage ILOSTAT December 2025. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-03. Source file.

Unemployment, total (2026, projection; series UNE_2EAP_SEX_AGE_RT)
Labour force participation rate (2026, projection; series EAP_2WAP_SEX_AGE_RT)
Employment-to-population ratio (2026, projection; series EMP_2WAP_SEX_AGE_RT)
Youth unemployment rate (2026, projection; series UNE_2EAP_SEX_AGE_RT)

UNESCO Institute for Statistics

UIS Bulk Data Download Service (February 2026). Vintage UIS February 2026. CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved 2026-09-03. Source file.

Adult literacy rate (2019, actual; series LR.AG15T99)
Youth literacy rate (2019, actual; series LR.AG15T24)
Mean years of schooling (2019, actual; series MYS.1T8.AG25T99)
School life expectancy (2024, actual; series SLE.1T8)

Our World in Data (Global Carbon Project)

OWID CO2 data (Global Carbon Project). Vintage OWID CO₂ December 2025. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-03. Source file.

CO₂ emissions (2024, actual; series co2)
CO₂ emissions per capita (2024, actual; series co2_per_capita)

Names, classifications, and boundaries are for statistical and cartographic use and do not constitute recognition of legal claims.